近年来,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 感染所致的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS) 的患病率在我国呈上升趋势。鉴于
我国医务工作者对艾滋病的诊治经验不多,因此提高对HIV感染的认识很有必要。据报道,在AIDS 患者中,98 %存在营养不良。[1]为此,本文结合近期文献对HIV 感染或艾滋病患者的营养不良发生机理、营养评估及其处理对策综述如下。

    1 　营养不良发生机理
    发生营养不良主要有三个方面的原因:即经口摄入减少,物质代谢改变以及营养成分吸收障碍。
　　1. 1 　经口摄入减少

　　1. 2 　物质代谢的改变

　　1. 3 　吸收障碍

    2 　营养状况的评估

　　2. 1 　病史

　　2. 2 　食欲

　　2. 3 　体重和身体各部位的测量

　　2. 4 　生化检验

    3 　营养不良的护理

　　3. 1 　病因护理

　　3. 1. 1 　摄入减少

　　3. 1. 2 　物质代谢改变

　　3. 1. 3 　营养吸收障碍

　　3. 2 　临床护理

　　3. 2. 1 　对症护理

　　3. 2. 2 　一般营养指导

　　3. 3 　心理护理

　　3. 4 　体育锻炼

    参　考　文　献
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