英专家警告：口交也可传染艾滋病

2001年7月26日 家庭医生医疗保健网

　　路透社伦敦健康消息 英国公共卫生官员近日发出警告：通过口交而感染上艾滋病的感染率远较人们想象的为高。

　　根据英国公共卫生实验室的报告，虽然表面上看，似乎口交的艾滋病感染率远较没有采取任何保护措施的肛交或阴道交为低，但近期的研究显示：在男性之间进行性接触而感染上艾滋病的病例中，由口交所致的感染率高达其中的8%；在英国每年由口交引致的艾滋病新病例有30~50例。这个发生率比许多科学家想象的要高。

　　英国公共卫生实验室艾滋病及性传染病分部主任巴里·埃文斯博士指出，口交并不具有高度的危险性，但人们必须认识到，它是有危险的。他强调说，大多数性传染病还是由无防护的阴道交或肛交所引起的。

　　其它性传染病如梅毒、淋病等，也可通过口交传播。埃文斯认为，近期在英国的布赖顿、布里斯托尔、伦敦及曼彻斯特等地爆发的梅毒流行，很大程度上是由于无防护的口交所引起的。

　　由于有证据显示口交比以前想象的要危险，英国其他公共卫生专家也向公众发出警示。最近几周，英国卫生部艾滋病专家顾问小组编写了一本小册子，提醒人们当进行任何形式的性交包括口交时都要使用避孕套，这样可以减少感染艾滋病及其它性传染病的危险。如果没有使用避孕套，则应避免把精液射在口腔内，这样也可以减少(但不能完全排除)被艾滋病传染的危险。英国的一个艾滋病慈善基金会也已开始在同性恋刊物上刊登广告，警告口交可引起的健康危险。

　　Experts Call Attention to HIV Risk From Oral Sex

　　LONDON (Reuters Health) - British public health officials warned Thursday that the risk of contracting HIV (news - web sites) from oral sex is higher than many people think.

　　Although oral sex poses a much lower HIV risk than unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse does， recent international research has shown that it could be the cause of as many as 8% of HIV infections resulting from sex between men， according to the UK's Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS).

　　"Most people feel oral sex is not a risk，"but the latest studies suggest that it leads to 30 to 50 new cases of HIV each year in the UK， according to Dr. Barry Evans， head of the PHLS division of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. These figures are higher than many scientists have thought， he said.

　　"We‘re not trying to overstate the story， so to speak， by saying oral sex is high-risk，"Evans told Reuters Health. "It is not high-risk， but people should realise there is a risk。”He reiterated that most sexual transmission results from unprotected vaginal or anal sex.

　　Other sexually transmitted diseases， such as syphilis and gonorrhea， are also spread by oral sex. Evans said that recent outbreaks of syphilis in Brighton， Bristol， London and Manchester have largely been driven by unprotected oral sex.

　　With evidence mounting that oral sex is riskier than previously thought， other UK public health experts are also alerting the public about the danger.

　　In recent weeks， a Department of Health expert advisory group on AIDS (news - web sites) circulated a booklet advising that "the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections can be reduced by using a condom for all forms of penetrative sex， including oral sex. If a condom is not used， avoiding ejaculation into the mouth probably lessens (but does not eliminate) the risk of HIV transmission.‘‘

　　The HIV charity Terrence Higgins Trust has also begun an advertising campaign in the gay press， warning of the health risks of oral sex.