中药胃炎消治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理研究
世界华人消化杂志 2000年第4期第8卷 研究原著
作者:王汝俊 杜 群 邵庭荫 钟廷机 巫燕莉 王建华
单位:王汝俊 杜 群 邵庭荫 巫燕莉 王建华(广州中医药大学脾胃研究所广东省广州市510405);钟廷机(广州中医药大学基础医学院广东省广州市510405)
关键词:胃炎消;治疗应用;胃炎;萎缩性;中医药疗法
中药胃炎消治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理研究
王汝俊 杜 群 邵庭荫 钟廷机 巫燕莉 王建华
摘 要: 目的 观察中药胃炎消对实验性大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用。方法 采用主动免疫、去氧胆酸钠、热水灌胃综合法连续造模90d,复制慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠模型,胃炎消按照临床用量的5倍、10倍(12.3g/kg,24. 6g/kg)灌胃绐药,连续治疗60d进行胃液分析及病理组织学观察.光镜下观察胃粘膜的炎症程度并分级计分,用测微尺测量胃粘膜厚度、粘膜肌层厚度、胃体部胃小凹深度及胃腺长度并取其比值.结果 非治疗模型组大鼠胃窦部、窦体交界、前胃与腺胃交界处的炎症计分分别为1.98±0.16.1.53±0.51,L81±0.40,明显高于正常对照:1.54±0.49(P<0.01).1.20±0.14(P<0.05).1.40±0.54(P<0.05);胃窦部粘膜厚度(μm)为278±32,明显少于正常对照349±33(P
Pathologic studies of Chinese drug Weiyanxiao on experimental chronic atrophic gastritis in rats
Ru Jun Wang ,Qun Du ,Ting Yin Shao , Ting Ji Zhong ,Yan Li Wu ,Jian Hua Wang
(Correspondence to: Ru Jun Wang, Piwei Institute, Guangzhou Univrsity of Traditional Chinese Medinine,Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province,China)
Abstract:ALM To study the effects of Weiyanxiao (WYX) on experimental chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) in rats.METHODS CAG model in rats was made using complex methods of active immunization combined with oral administration of sodium deoxycholate and hot water for 90 d. Followed by the treatment with administration of WYX orally in the dosages of 12.3 g/kg and 24.6 g/kg (5 and 10 times according to the clinic dosages) for 60 d.Then the acidity of gastric juice was measured using acid-base balance. The histopathological changes including the depth of mucosa, muscular layers, gastric pit and length of gastric glands were measured with microxneter under optical microscope. The degrees of inflammation in gastric mucosa were evaluated with score according to the numhers of inflammatory cells.RESULTS in untreated grcup, the inflammatory score of gastric antrum, antrum-body junction and proventriculus-body junction were 1.98 μm ± O. 16μm, 1.53μm±0.51μm end 1.81μm ±0.40μm respectively, which were significantly higher than that of normal group (1.54μm±0.49μm, P<0.01, 1.20μm±0.14μm, P<0.05, 1.40μm±0.54μm, P<0.05); mucosa depth in antrum was 278μm±32μm, which is significantly rower than that in normalgrcup (349μm±33μm. P<0.05); the depth of mucoas muscular layers of gastric antrum and body were 46μm±8μm, 57μm±15μm which were significantly increasedcompared to that of normal group (32μm±6μm, P< 0.05,29,6μm±16μm, P<0.01); the length ratio of gastric pit vs gland (0.34±0.05) increased significantly compared to that in normal group (0.26±0.02, P<0.05). After WYXtreatment for 60 d, the gastric mucosa inflammation was improved, especially in antrum (large dosage 1.75±0.23,small dosage 1.68±0.20), which were significantly decreased compared to untreated rats (1.98= 0.16,P< 0.05); mucosa length in antrum increased, especiallyin the large dosage group (329μm= 22μm) which was significantly higher than that in untreated group (278μm±32μm, PKeywords:Weiyanxiao; traditionalChinese medicine; gastritis, atrophic/TCD therapy
O引言胃炎消由太子参、田七、白花蛇舌草、石斛、白芍、莪术精制而成,具有益气养阴、理气活血、清热散结等功效,临床用于慢性萎缩性胃炎的治疗。为了探讨和评价其药效,我们以实验性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠为对象,对胃炎消进行疗效观察。1材料和方法1.1材料SD大鼠,体质量200g~213g,普通级,由广东省卫生厅医用实验动物场提供,广东省实验动物质量合格证:94022.动物观察室为普通级,广东省动物实验条件检测合格证书,检证字:9435号.胃炎消为干燥粉剂(不含辅料),每克含生药量为7.7g批号:930724,由佛山市制药二厂提供.维酶素糖衣片,0.2g/片,批号:940708,广东台山化学制药厂生产.以上药物实验时均用蒸馏水配制.维酶素糖衣片在配制时先去掉包衣,去氧胆酸钠,10g/瓶,批号:920420.Serva公司生产,上海生物化学试剂商店进口分装。1.2方法参照文献:[1]的方法略加修改,取大鼠80只,雌雄各半,在相同条件下按雌雄分笼饲养,每笼5只,常规喂养标准颗粒饲料.其中20只作为正常对照组,其余动物进行造模.造模动物用2g/L去氧胆酸钠作饮料.每天灌胃55°C热开水2mL/只进行刺激.并在造模的1wk及5wk每只大鼠皮下注射佐剂抗原(同种大鼠胃粘膜的生理盐水组织匀浆与等量的完全弗氏佐剂配成的乳剂0.3mL)免疫1次.在造模期间,各组动物常规喂养.连续造模90d,造模结束前随机抽取少量进行胃粘膜病理组织学检查,确认模型成功后,于造摸结束将造模动物随机分为4组:非治疗组,胃炎消大小剂量治疗组,维酶素片治疗组,并同时设正常对照组,胃炎消按临床用量的5倍、10倍给药(相当生药量12.3g/kg,24.6g/kg),维酶素糖衣片按临床日用量5倍给药,剂量0.25g/kg,药物分别配成1.23,2.46,0.025kg/L,治疗组动物均按10mL/kg体质量灌胃上述药物,非治疗组灌等体积的蒸馏水,1次/d,连续60d.各组动物常规喂养,给药结束后进行胃液分析及病理组织学观察.试验期间,每2wk称体质量1次,试验结束比较各组动物体质量变化。1.2.1胃液分析药物治疗结束,各组动物禁食24h(自由饮水),以颈椎脱臼法处死动物,摘取全胃,洗去表面血污,用滤纸吸干.沿胃大弯剖开胃腔,用5mL蒸馏水冲洗胃腔,并在上述洗液中浸洗3次,将胃液标本的上清液进行分析,用滴定法测定游离酸,用麦特法测胃蛋白酶活性。1.2.2病理组织学观察[2]沿胃小弯自前胃至幽门取全层胃壁1块(3mm×20mm),用100mL/L福尔马林固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,作光镜观察.炎症程度分4级(1~4分):1分:无炎症;2分:在胃粘膜表层或底部有少量散在的炎细胞;3分:在胃粘膜各部分均有较多的炎细胞;4分:在粘膜内有聚集成堆的炎细胞浸润.在低倍镜下观察全层胃粘膜,每一切片取10个视野:包括窦部4个,窦体交界处1个,体部4个,前胃与腺胃交界处1个.根据每个视野的炎症分级数,按窦部、窦体交界、胃体部、前胃与腺胃交界处4个部位,取其均值进行比较.用测微尺测量胃粘膜厚度,粘膜肌层厚度,以μm为测量单位,每一切片取8个视野,窦部、体部各四个,分别求窦部、体部的均值,以此反映结缔组织增生情况.并测量胃体部胃小凹深度及胃腺长度,取其比值进行比较。2结果造模大鼠从wk4开始,其体质量增长百分率较正常对照组逐渐下降,且外观毛色略显干燥,消瘦.动物经60d药物治疗期间,治疗组体质量增长率较非治疗组有所提高,以维酶素片组为明显,其次为胃炎消小剂量,大剂量组与非治疗组接近。2.1胃液分析非治疗组大鼠胃液滴定酸较正常组明显降低,胃炎消治疗组、维酶素片治疗组较非治疗组升高,以胃炎消大剂量和维酶素片治疗组的作用较为明显(表1),各组大鼠胃液中胃蛋白酶活性无统计学差异(表1).表1慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠治疗后胃液滴定酸、胃蛋白酶活性的变化(±s)cP<0.05,vs正常组:aP<0.05,bP<0.01,vs非洽疗组。2.2胃粘膜病理正常大鼠胃粘膜呈浅红色,表面平整光滑,全层胃壁较厚,手感弹性较好,非治疗组动物胃粘膜颜色较淡,有的呈浅灰色,表面附有疏松的苔状物,粘膜较薄,粘膜下树枝状的血管易见.胃炎消及维酶素片治疗组胃粘膜暗红色或浅灰色,有的也附有少量苔状物.正常组镜下所见胃粘膜上皮完整,固有膜内有密集排列的腺体,前胃与腺胃交界处的固有膜内可见散在的少量淋巴细胞,部分动物胃窦部、窦体交界部在粘膜底部可见少量散在的淋巴细胞,胃体部无明显炎细胞浸润.非治疗组胃窦部固有膜内见散在性淋巴细胞及中性白细胞浸润,部分动物炎细胞浸润较为明显.间质小血管扩张充血.粘膜厚度较正常组明显变薄(P<0.01),腺体变短或较疏,部分动物的固有膜腺体扩张或形成囊状,囊壁细胞体积变小或较为扁平,壁细胞数轻度减少,粘膜肌层明显增厚,并有粘膜肌层向上增生、分割包绕固有膜现象.胃体部胃小凹大小、形状不一致,长度增加,胃小凹与腺体长度的比值明显高于正常组(P<0.01).胃炎消、维酶素片治疗组与非治疗组比较,窦部和体部的炎细胞浸润及小血管扩张充血程度减轻,以窦部较明显(P<0.01);胃小凹大小较为一致,长度减少,胃小凹与腺体长度比值较非治疗组有所减少,以维酶素片组的作用较为明显(P<0.05),其次是胃炎消小剂量组,胃炎消大剂量组变化不明显;胃粘膜厚度治疗组也较非治疗组增加,以大剂量组和维酶素片组的作用明显(P<0.01);粘膜肌厚度较非治疗组明显变薄(表2,3)。3讨论CAG病因及发病机制尚未完全清楚,一般认为是多因素综合作用的结果,主要与免疫因素、胆汁反流、幽门螺杆菌感染及饮食、烟酒、药物等的作用有关.研究表明,小鼠注射同种胃抗原可导致胃粘膜萎缩[3].胆汁中的卵磷脂和胆汁酸对胃粘膜屏障有一定的破坏作用.经常进食过烫的食物、较高浓度的酒精及刺激性药物(如胆盐)等,皆可通过直接刺激胃粘膜,破坏胃粘膜屏障的完整性以及增加胃粘膜屏障的通透性等途径影响胃粘膜屏障功能,引起胃粘膜的病变,以至萎缩。表2慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠治疗后胃粘膜各部炎症的变化aP
基金项目:国家“八五”攻关项目,No.85-919-01-01
作者简介:王汝俊,男,1950年9月出生,广东省电白县人,汉族。1988年广州中医药大学中西医结合基础专业毕业,医学硕士,副教授,广州中医药大学脾胃研究所中药药理室主任。主要从事中药胃肠道药理研究,发表专业论文30篇。参考文献:
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收稿日期:1999-11-25