可手术乳腺癌病人月经生育史与预后关系
肿瘤 1999年第2期第19卷 论著
作者:王思愚 吴一龙 戎铁华
单位:中山医科大学附属肿瘤医院胸科(广州 510060)
关键词:乳腺肿瘤;生育史;月经;预后
目的 探讨月经生育史对可手术乳腺癌病人的预后的影响。 方法 以1977~1983年期间我院可手术412例乳腺癌为研究对象,根据病人年龄、绝经已否、初潮及绝经年龄,及生育与妊娠次数分别计算其十年生存率,然后用Cox模型法对病人生育因素及传统的预后因素(肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态)进行多变量分析。 结果 未曾妊娠及生育的妇女预后较好(64%比54% P=0.01,62%比53% P=0.005),生存率随妊娠及产次的增加而降低。多变量分析结果提示生育次数与传统预后因素一样是一个独立的预后因素。 结论 众所周知,生育因素是乳腺癌重要的危险因素之一,其作用表现为生育次数与乳腺癌的危险性呈负相关,但对已患乳腺癌患者的预后产生不良作用。
REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY AND PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS
WITH OPERABLE BREAST CANCER
Wang Siyu,Wu Yilong,Rong Tiehua.Department of Thoracic Cancer Center,Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou 510060
Objective:To study the influence of reproductive history factors on the survival of operable breast cancer patients.Methods:A group of 412 patients with operable breast cancer between 1977 and 1983 in our hospital was studied.A univariate analysis was used to calculate 10 year overall survival in relation to age,menopausal status,age at menarche and menopause, and number of pregnancy and delivery.A multivariate analysis (Cox model) was performed in which classic prognostic factors(tumor size and lymph node involvement)were included in addition to reproductive factors.Results:Univariate analysis indicated better prognosis in patients who had never pregnant before than those who had (64% vs 54%,P=0.01) and in nulliparous than in parous cases(62% vs 53%,P=0.005).Survival rate was decreased with the rising number of pregnancy and delivery.By multivariate analysis parity remained an independent prognostic indicator in addition to classic highly significant prognostic factors.Conclusion:The results suggest that reproductive factors are known to decrease the risk of breast cancer development but have an adverse influence on prognosis.
Key words Breast neoplasms Prognosis reproductive history Menstruation
有关乳腺癌病人月经生育史与疾病的关系,既往较集中于其与乳腺癌发病的关系上,至于月经生育史与乳腺癌病人预后关系的报道很少,亦无定论。本文报道1977~1983年期间我院可手术412例乳腺癌病者其生存率与月经生育史的关系。
材料和方法
1.病例选择
病例入选标准 1977年~1983年我院可手术乳腺癌患者412例符合下面标准:完整月经生育史,包括初潮时间,绝经时间,妊娠时间,妊娠与生育次数。
手术病理情况 所有病例中,年龄最大者82岁,最小者21岁,平均年龄53.2岁;T1 43例,T2 131例,T3 178例、T4 60例;腋下淋巴结阴性者170例,1~3淋巴结阳性者148例,4个以上阳性者94便;导管癌375例占91%。
治疗方法 全部病例均施行乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术,术后腋下淋巴结阳性者接受CTX、VCR、5-FU、丙酸睾丸酮、强的松5联化疗及辅助放疗。
随诊 所有病例随诊时间十年以上。随诊率达90%以上。
2.统计方法
所有统计结果均采用SAS统计软件,用生命表法计算十年生存率,比较应用logrank检验。根据病人年龄、绝经与否、初潮及绝经年龄,是否生育、妊娠及生育次数分别计算生存率。然后应用Cox模型法对病人年龄,生育因素以及传统的预后因素(肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态)进行多变量分析。
结 果
单变量分析结果见表1,多变量分析结果见表2。
表1 各预后因素10年生存率及生存期比较的logrank检验
因素及
变量分层 |
病人数 |
10年生存率
(%) |
logrank
P值 |
年龄: |
|
≤35 |
64 |
50.17 |
|
36~40 |
65 |
53.78 |
41~45 |
78 |
59.78 |
46~50 |
67 |
52.42 |
51~55 |
44 |
54.31 |
56~60 |
50 |
55.21 |
61~65 |
26 |
61.01 |
>65 |
18 |
60.19 |
0.157 |
绝经状态 |
|
绝经前 |
296 |
54.12 |
|
绝经后 |
116 |
58.21 |
0.741 |
初潮年龄 |
|
<16岁 |
145 |
55.78 |
|
≥16岁 |
267 |
50.07 |
0.052 |
绝经时间 |
|
≤45岁 |
61 |
49.23 |
|
46~54岁 |
191 |
55.42 |
>54岁 |
160 |
49.24 |
0.103 |
妊娠 |
|
无 |
35 |
64.07 |
|
有 |
377 |
54.08 |
0.010 |
妊娠次数 |
|
0 |
35 |
63.19 |
|
1 |
81 |
54.21 |
2 |
120 |
52.87 |
3 |
86 |
51.38 |
≥4 |
90 |
50.21 |
0.001 |
生育 |
|
无 |
44 |
61.76 |
|
有 |
368 |
52.63 |
0.005 |
生育次数 |
|
0 |
44 |
62.65 |
|
1 |
84 |
53.28 |
2 |
120 |
51.42 |
3 |
76 |
50.14 |
4 |
88 |
47.18 |
<0.001 |
妊娠/生育 |
|
0/0 |
44 |
62.15 |
|
妊娠次数>生育次数 |
169 |
57.15 |
妊娠次数=生育次数 |
199 |
52.45 |
0.013 |
表2 年龄、生育因素及传统的预后因素多变量分析
|
RR |
95%置信区间 |
P值 |
年龄 |
|
36~40 |
0.79 |
(0.59~1.04) |
0.0912 |
41~45 |
0.82 |
(0.62~1.08) |
0.3240 |
46~50 |
0.92 |
(0.68~1.12) |
1.1341 |
51~55 |
0.75 |
(0.56~1.03) |
0.2781 |
56~60 |
0.70 |
(0.48~0.96) |
0.0427 |
61~65 |
0.69 |
(0.41~0.90) |
0.0421 |
>65 |
0.70 |
(0.42~0.94) |
0.0425 |
肿瘤大小 |
|
T1 |
1.52 |
(1.09~2.10) |
0.0112 |
T2 |
2.30 |
(1.65~3.84) |
0.0001 |
T3 |
2.41 |
(1.75~3.36) |
0.0001 |
T4 |
2.12 |
(1.28~3.09) |
0.0002 |
淋巴结 |
|
1~3阳性 |
2.11 |
(1.73~2.54) |
0.0001 |
≥4阳性 |
4.02 |
(3.57~5.09) |
0.0001 |
生育次数 |
|
1~3胎 |
1.21 |
(0.97~1.52) |
0.1630 |
≥4胎 |
1.68 |
(1.35~2.01) |
0.0002 |
初潮年龄 |
1.09 |
(0.69~1.28) |
0.3217 |
讨 论
很多流行病学研究表明迟初潮,早绝经,生育次数越多为乳腺癌的保护因素[1~3],但月经生育史对乳腺癌患者预后影响的说法目前仍未能一致,本文结果提示未曾妊娠及生育的妇女预后较好(P<0.01),生存率随妊娠及产次的增加而降低。妊娠次数超过生育次数(有流产史)的病人生存率高于妊娠次数等于生育次数(无流产史)的病人(P=0.013),初潮年龄与绝经年龄对生存率影响无显著性差别(P=0.052与P=0.103)。通过多变量分析进一步提示虽然传统的预后因素起主要作用,但生育次数仍是一个独立的预后因素,生育次数在4次以上的妇女其十年生存率明显差(P<0.001)。本文研究结果与国外一些学者报道结果一致。Kay和Selles[4]等报道生育次数在5次以上乳腺癌患者其十年生存率40%低于生育次数少于5次者的生存率51%(P=0.01),但Mach Mahon及Krishnan Nair[5,6]研究结果表明乳腺癌患者月经生育史与预后无明显关系。
生育虽是已知的降低乳腺癌发病危险性的因素,但对已患乳腺癌患者的预后却产生不良作用,从生育史上看乳腺癌发生于低危险性的妇女可能存在不同的发病原因,可能更多为非激素依赖型,因此其病程进展较快,而致其预后差。Lehrer[7]等报道乳腺癌患者淋巴结转移率与生育次数成正相关,可作为这种假说的解释。为探讨其原因有必要对激素受体阳性的乳腺癌发生率,生存率与生育因素之间的关系作进一步研究。
第一作者简介 王思愚,男,学士,主治医师。
参 考 文 献
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(收稿:1998-08-03 修回:1998-09-28)