ÅÁ½ðÉ­²¡ ±ãÃصÄÖÐÒ½ÈÏʶ

ÖÐÒ½Ò©·½Íø www.piccc.com ·¢²¼Ê±¼ä£º2020-10-26
»ùÓÚ“³¦-ÄÔÖá”ÀíÂÛ±æÖÎÅÁ½ðÉ­²¡±ãÃØ
 
ÅÁ½ðÉ­²¡£¨Parkinson′s disease,PD£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÒÔ¶¯×÷³Ù»º¡¢¼¡Ç¿Ö±¡¢Ö«ÌåÕð²ü¡¢×ËÊƲ½Ì¬Ò쳣ΪÖ÷Òª±íÏÖ£¬°é¼ûÁ÷ÏÑ¡¢±ãÃصÈϵÁÐ×ÔÖ÷Éñ¾­Ö¢×´µÄÂýÐÔ¡¢½øÐÐÐÔ¡¢Éñ¾­ÍËÐÐÐÔ¼²²¡[1]¡£PDÁ÷Ðв¡Ñ§µ÷²éÏÔʾ£¬È«ÊÀ½ç·¶Î§ÄÚPD·¢²¡ÂÊΪ0.1%¡«0.2%£¬½ö´ÎÓÚÄÔѪ¹ÜÒâÍâ[2,3]£¬Ëæ×ÅÈË¿ÚÀÏÁ仯µÄ¼ÓËÙ£¬´ËÊý¾ÝÔ¤¼ÆÓÚ2030Äê·­±¶[3]¡£Öйú65ËêÒÔÉϵÄÈËȺÖУ¬¸Ã²¡»¼²¡ÂÊΪ1.7%[1];PD±ãÃØ·¢ÉúÂʸߴï60%¡«70%£¬ÇÒ³£ÔçÓÚÅÁ½ðÉ­Ô˶¯¹¦ÄÜÕÏ°­Ö¢×´³öÏÖ£¬¿É×÷ΪPD¸ß¶ÈÔ¤¾¯Ö¢×´[4,5,6]¡£PD±ãÃØÓëÀÛ¼°È«½á³¦µÄÔËÊäÑÓ³Ù¡¢Åű㹦ÄÜÕÏ°­µÈÓйأ¬±ãÃصÄÑÏÖس̶ÈÓëPDµÄÑÏÖس̶ȣ¨Hoehn-Yahr·Ö¼¶£©¡¢×óÐý¶à°Í²¹³ä¼ÁµÄʹÓüÁÁ¿³ÊÕýÐÔÏà¹Ø[4,5,6,7,8]¡£±ÊÕß´Ó“³¦-ÄÔÖá”ÀíÂÛ̽ÌÖPD±ãÃصıæÖÎ˼·Óë·½·¨¡£
 
1 PD±ãÃصÄÏÖ´úҽѧÈÏʶ
½áºÏPD¼°ÂýÐÔ±ãÃصÄÏà¹ØÕï¶Ï±ê×¼[9,10,11],PD±ãÃصĶ¨ÒåΪ£ºPD»¼ÕßÖУ¬½ü6¸öÔ³ÖÐø³öÏÖ±ãÒâÉÙ¡¢±ã´Î¼õÉÙ£¨Ã¿ÖÜÅűã<3´Î£©£¬Åűã¼èÄÑ¡¢·ÑÁ¦£¨≥25%µÄ»¼ÕßÅűã¸Ðµ½·ÑÁ¦£©£¬Åű㲻³©£¨≥25%µÄ»¼ÕßÅűãÓв»¾¡¸Ð»ò≥25%µÄ»¼ÕßÅűãÓиØÃÅÖ±³¦¹£×è¸Ð/×èÈû¸Ð£©£¬·à±ã¸ÉÓ²£¬³£°éÓи¹Í´»ò¸¹²¿²»ÊÊ£¬²¢³£ÓÚÅűãºóÖ¢×´»º½â¡£ÏÖ´úҽѧÈÏΪ£¬Ò»°ã¹¦ÄÜÐÔ±ãÃز¡»úÓë½á³¦´«ÊäºÍÅű㹦ÄÜÎÉÂÒÓйأ¬ÇÒÓëÐÔ±ð¡¢Ñ¹Á¦¡¢ÄêÁä¡¢ÎÄ»¯³Ì¶È¡¢ÈË¿ÚÃܶȵÈÒòËØÏà¹Ø[11,12]¡£PD±ãÃØÓëα-Í»´¥ºËµ°°×µÄ¹ã·º¶Ñ»ý£¨³¦Éñ¾­ÏµÍ³ºÍÃÔ×ßÉñ¾­±³ºË£©[13,14]¡¢³¦¼¡¼ä¶à°Í°·ÄÜÉñ¾­Ôª¶ªÊ§[15,16]¡¢³¦Éñ¾­ÏµÍ³Ïà¹ØµÄÉñ¾­ÍËÐÐÐԸıä[17]¡¢³¦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷[18]¡¢×óÐý¶à°ÍÀàÒ©ÎïµÄʹÓÃ[19,20]µÈµÄ¹Øϵ¸üΪÃÜÇС£
 
¶ÔÓÚPD±ãÃصÄÖÎÁÆ£¬Ôö¼ÓÒûË®ºÍÉãÈë¸ßÏËάʳÎ¸øÓèÏËάËØ¡¢Èé¹ûÌÇ£¨10¡«20g/d£©»òÆäËûκ͵ĵ¼ÐºÒ©ÎÁúÜöÍè¡¢´ó»ÆƬ¡¢·¬ÐºÒ¶£©ÒÔ¸ÄÉƱãÃØÖ¢×´£»¼ÓÓÃ賦¶¯Á¦Ò©£¬Èç¶àÅËÁ¢Íª¡¢ÄªÉ³±ØÀûµÈ£»Í£Óÿ¹µ¨¼îÄÜÒ©£¬²¢Ôö¼ÓÔ˶¯µÈ[21]£»¾ÛÒÒ¶þ´¼ÖÎÁÆPD±ãÃØÊ®·ÖÓÐЧ[22]£»ÆäËû·ÇÒ©ÎïÖÎÁÆÈçÉúÎï·´À¡ÖÎÁÆ[23]¡¢¹¦ÄÜÐԴŴ̼¤ÖÎÁƵÈ[24]ÒàÓÐÒ»¶¨ÁÆЧ¡£
 
2 PD±ãÃصÄÖÐÒ½ÈÏʶ
1992ÄêÔÚÖлªÈ«¹úÖÐҽѧ»áµÚ4½ìÀÏÄêÄÔ²¡Ñ§ÊõÑÐÌÖ»áÉÏ£¬PD±»Í³Ò»ÃüÃûΪ“ÀÏÄê²üÖ¤”£¬Ö¤ÐÍ¿É·ÖΪ̵Èȷ綯¡¢Ñªðö¶¯·ç¡¢ÆøѪÁ½Ðé¡¢¸ÎÉö²»×ã¡¢ÒõÑôÁ½ÐéµÈ[25]£¬×ÜÌ岡»úΪ±¾Ðé±êʵ£¬ÒÔ¸ÎÉö¡¢ÆøѪ¿÷ÐéΪÖ÷¡£ÂýÐÔ±ãÃز¡ÒòÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨Òûʳ²»½Ú¡¢Çé־ʧµ÷¡¢ÄêÀÏÌåÐé¡¢²¡ºóÌåÐé¡¢²úºóÆøÐé¡¢Ò©ÎïÒòËصȣ¬²¡Î»Ôڴ󳦣¬Óë·Î¡¢Æ¢¡¢Éö¡¢¸ÎÏà¹Ø£¬²¡»ú·ÖΪÐéʵÁ½¶Ë£¬Ö¤ÐÍ·ÖΪ³¦µÀʵÈÈ¡¢³¦µÀÆøÖÍ¡¢·ÎÆ¢ÆøÐ顢ƢÉöÑôÐé¡¢½ò¿÷ѪÉٵȣ¬¶ÔÓ¦µÄÍƼö·½¼ÁΪÂé×ÓÈÊÍè¡¢ÁùÄ¥ÌÀ¡¢»ÆÜÎÌÀ¡¢¼Ã´¨¼å¡¢Èó³¦Íè[26]¡£ÖÎÁÆPD±ãÃز»Íâ²¹¡¢ÐºÁ½¶Ë£¬²¹ÕßÒÔ²¹ÒæÆøѪ¡¢¸ÎÉöΪÖ÷£¬ÐºÕßÔò¶àÒÔÔöË®ÐÐÖÛ¡¢Èó³¦Í¨±ãΪ·¨£»ÖÎÁÆ·½·¨°üÀ¨ÖÐÒ©¡¢Õë¾Ä¡¢ÍÆÄá¢Ñ¨Î»Íâ·óµÈ[33]¡£×ۺ϶þÕߵIJ¡Òò²¡»ú¼°±æÖÎÒªµã£¬PD±ãÃز¡»úÔÚÓÚ¸ÎÉö²»×ã¡¢ÆøѪÁ½Ð飬ÖÎÁÆÒªµãÔÚÓÚ²¹¸ÎÉö¡¢ÒæÆø¡¢×ÌÒõ¡¢ÑøѪ¡£
 
3 ³¦-ÄÔÖáÓëPD¹Øϵ
³¦-ÄÔÖáÖ¸Ïû»¯µÀºÍÖÐÊàÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³¼äÉúÎﻯѧÐźŵÄË«Ïòµ÷½Ú»úÖÆ¡£Î¢ÉúÎï-³¦-ÄÔÖáÔòÖ¸³ö³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎïÔÚÆäÖеÄÊàŦ½ÇÉ«¡£´Ó¹ãÒåÀ´¿´£¬³¦-ÄÔÖá°üÀ¨ÖÐÊàÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³¡¢ÖÐÊàÄÚ·ÖÃÚϵͳ¼°ÖÐÊàÃâÒßϵͳ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨ÏÂÇðÄÔ-´¹Ìå-ÉöÉÏÏÙÖᣨHPAÖᣩ¡¢½»¸ÐÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³¡¢¸±½»¸ÐÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³£¨ÃÔ×ßÉñ¾­£©¡¢³¦Éñ¾­ÏµÍ³¼°³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎïȺ[27,28,29]¡£³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎï¿Éͨ¹ý·ÖÃÚÎïÖÊ£¨5-ôÇÉ«°·¡¢¶à°Í°·µÈÉñ¾­µÝÖÊ»ò°±¡¢ÓÒÐýÈéËáµÈÉñ¾­¶¾ËØ£©ºÍÖ±½Ó´Ì¼¤Ïû»¯µÀÉÏƤ×éÖ¯£¬´ïµ½×îÖÕµ÷½ÚÖÐÊàϵͳµÄ×÷Óã¨ÏÂ-Éϵ÷½Ú£©£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÖÐÊàϵͳµÄÏÂÐÐÐźŴ«µ¼Ï£¬¸ù¾Ý³¦µÀÄÚ·ÖÃÚ¡¢³¦¶¯Á¦¡¢³¦ð¤Ä¤Í¨Í¸ÐԵĸıä¶ø·¢ÉúһϵÁб仯£¨ÉÏ-ϵ÷½Ú£©£¬Ê¹µÃÖÐÊàÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³Ó볦µÀϵͳµÄ±ä»¯»·»·Ïà¿Û[27,28]¡£PDÊÇÒÔα-Í»´¥ºËµ°°×Äý½áΪÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷µÄÉñ¾­ÍËÐÐÐÔ¼²²¡£¬α-Í»´¥ºËµ°°×¹ã·º·Ö²¼ÓÚ³¦-ÄÔÖáµÄ¸÷¼¶Éñ¾­£¬°üÀ¨ÖÐÊàÉñ¾­¡¢×ÔÖ÷Éñ¾­ºÍ³¦µÀÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³[30]¡£µ÷½Ú³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎï»·¾³¿ÉÓ°Ï쳦µÀα-Í»´¥ºËµ°°×µÄ³Á»ý£¬½ø¶øµ÷½Ú³¦-ÄÔÖá¸÷¼¶Éñ¾­ÖÐα-Í»´¥ºËµ°°×µÄ³Á»ý£¬Ó°ÏìPDµÄ²¡³Ì¡£
 
4“ÄÔ²¡Ö㦔Ó듳¦-ÄÔÖá”
“Éϲ¡ÏÂÈ¡”“ÄÔ²¡Ö㦔µÄҽѧÂÛµã×Ô¹ÅÓÐÖ®£¬³¦-ÄÔÖáѧ˵µÄ·¢Õ¹´ÓÏÖ´úҽѧµÄ½Ç¶ÈÓ¡Ö¤ÁËÆä¿ÆѧÐÔ¡£¡¶ËØÎÊ·Äæµ÷ÂÛ¡·ÖГθ²»ºÍÔòÎÔ²»°²”ÊÇÆä×îÔçµÄÂÛÊö¡£ºº´úҽѧ¼ÒÍõ³äÒàÌá³ö£º“ÓûµÃ³¤Éú£¬³¦ÖÐ×ÔÇå¡£”
 
ÈçºÎÀí½â“ÄÔ³¦Ïàͨ”£¿ÖÐÒ½ÈÏΪ£¬ÄÔΪÆæºãÖ®¸­£¬Î»ÖÃ×îÉÏ£¬ÔªÉñËù¾ÓÖ®µØ¡£´ó³¦Îª´«»¯Ö®¸­£¬¸­Ö®×îÏ£¬ÎªÔãÆɻ㼯֮Ëù¡£×ÇÆø³ö£¬¾«Ö­²Ø£¬ÔòÔอµÃÑø£¬Æø»úµ÷³©£¬ÉñÄËÕý³£[31]¡£“´ó³¦Ö÷½ò”£¬´ó³¦Ö®¸­ÒÔ½òҺΪÌ壬ÄÔÇÏÐèÒª½òÒº³äÓ¯¡£¡¶ÁéÊà·Îåñª½òÒº¡·ÑÔ£º“Îå¹ÈÖ®½òÒº£¬ºÍºÏ¶øΪ¸àÕߣ¬ÄÚÉøÓÚ¹ÇÇÏ£¬²¹ÒæÄÔËè¡£”´ó³¦¾­Ö®Ö§ÂöÈëÄÔ£¬ÊÖÑôÃ÷´ó³¦¾­Ö®¾­±ðÈëÄÔ£¬´ó³¦¾­Ö®¾­½îÂçÄÔ£¬ÓÖͨ¹ý¶½ÂöÓëÄÔ¼ä½ÓÏàͨ¡£
 
PDÊôÖÐÒ½“²üÖ¤”·¶³ë£¬Ö÷Òª²¡Î»ÔÚ¸ÎÉö£¬¸ÎÖ÷Êèй£¬µ÷³©Æø»ú£¬ÔËתÖн¹£¬¿ÉÉýÇåÑôÖúÆ¢Ö®ÔË»¯£¬½µ×ÇÒõÖúθ¸¯ÊìÊÜÄÉ£¬Öú´ó³¦´«µ¼ÅÅй£¬´ïµ½ÇåÉý×ǽµÖ®×´Ì¬£¬ÓÖ¿É´Ù½øÆø»ú³©´ï¡£´ó³¦¹¦ÄÜÕý³££¬¿É´Ù½ø·à±ã¼°ÔãÆÉÓйæÂɵØÅųöÌåÍ⣬ÓÐÖúÓÚάϵ¸ÎµÄÊèйµÈһϵÁÐÉúÀí¹¦ÄÜ¡£Èô¸­Æø²»³©£¬»áµ¼Ö¸ÎÆøÉý·¢ÕÏ°­¡£¡¶Ò½Ñ§ÈëÃÅ¡·ÑÔ£º“¸ÎÓë´ó³¦Ïàͨ£¬¸Î²¡ÒËÊèͨ´ó³¦£¬´ó³¦²¡ÒËƽ¸Î¾­ÎªÖ÷¡£”[32]¹Ê¶øÖθÎËðÖ®²üÖ¤£¬¿Éµ÷´ó³¦¡£
 
5 öÃÏþ¶«½ÌÊÚ±æÖÎPD±ãÃؾ­Ñé
öÃÏþ¶«½ÌÊÚ´ÓÊÂPDÁÙ´²Ñо¿¼°½Ìѧ¹¤×÷30ÓàÄ꣬¶ÔPDÕïÖÎÓжÀµ½¾­Ñé¡£öýÌÊÚ·¢ÏÖ£¬±ãÃس£ÎªPD»¼ÕßÖ÷Ëß×îΪÀ§ÈŵÄÖ¢×´£¬Ò»µ©±ãÃØ»º½â£¬»¼ÕßµÄÉú»îÖÊÁ¿¿ÉÏÔÖøÌá¸ß¡£ËûPDÒÔÎåÔàÐéËðΪ±¾£¬ÒÔ¸ÎÉöΪÉõ£¬Òò²üΪ·çÏ󣬾ÐΪ½î²¡£¬¸ÎÖ÷½î¶ø¸Î²¡Ò×Éú·ç£»PDΪÀÏÄêÄÔ²¡·¶³ë£¬ÄÔΪË躣£¬ÄêÀÏÕßËèÐéÄÔ¿Õ£¬¹éÔðÓÚÉö£¬¹ÊÈÏΪ¸ÎÉö¿÷ÐéΪ±¾²¡Ö®¸ù±¾¡£¸ÎÉö¿÷Ð飬¾ÃÃظüÌíÔïÈÈ£¬ÔïÈÈÓÖ½ÙÒõÉ˽ò£¬¸ÎÉöÒõ½ò²»×ãÔòËè¼õÄÔ¿Õ£¬Èç»·Î޶ˣ¬Ï¢Ï¢Ïà¹Ø£»Éö¾«¿÷Ð飬Ôò³¦µÀʧÈ󣻸ÎÆøʧºÍ£¬¸ÎÆøʧÓÚÌõ´ï¶ø³¦¸­²»ÄÜͨй£»¾Ã²¡ÉËÆ¢£¬Æ¢Æø²»×㣬Ƣ֮ÇåÑô²»ÉýÔòθ³¦Ö®×ÇÒõÎÞÒÔ½µ£¬³¦µÀÈ䶯ÅÅй֮Á¦ÔòË𣻼ÓÖ®ÉÙ¶¯¡¢ÄÉÉÙµÈÒòËØ£¬±ãÃØƵ·¢¡£PDÖÎÁÆÉÏ£¬öÃÏþ¶«½ÌÊÚÖ÷ÕÅÒÔÅà±¾¹ÌԪΪǰÌᣬÅäºÏÏ¢·çÖ¹²üÖ®·¨£»½«Ôอ±æÖ¤ÓëÁù¾­±æÖ¤Ïà½áºÏ£¬ÒÔØÊÒõ¾­ÎªÇÐÈëµã£¬´´Á¢ÁËÅÁ²¡1ºÅ¡¢2ºÅ¡¢3ºÅϵÁз½¼Á£¬ÁÆЧÂúÒâ[33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41]¡£Èô»¼ÕßÖ÷ËßÒÔÎÞÁ¦Å¬ÕõΪÖ÷£¬±ãÖÊÎÞÔï½áÖ®Ïó£¬ÒԼô¨¼åΪ»ù´¡£¬ÒÔ´ó¼ÁÁ¿ÊìµØ»Æ¡¢°×Êõ²¹Éö½¡Æ¢¡¢ÒæÆø×ÌÒõ¡¢ÔöÒºÐÐË®£»Èô±ãÖÊÔï½áÈçÑò·à£¬ÈûÓڸؿڣ¬Å¬Ôð²»Ï£¬¸¹ÕÍÂú£¬Éà̦»Æºñ£¬Ôò±æΪ³¦ÈÈ£¬ÒÔ¼±ÔòÖÎÆä±êΪÖÎÔò£¬ÓèÒÔ´ó»Æ¡¢Ã¢Ïõ¡¢è×ʵ¡¢ºñÆӵȾþϼÁÏÂÖ®£¬ÅäÎéÐþ²Î¡¢ÉúµØ»ÆµÈ×ÌÒõÈ󳦣¬Öв¡¼´Ö¹£»Æ½ËØÎÞÃ÷ÏÔ±ãÃØ£¬¶øÖ÷ËßÖ«²ü¡¢ËÄÖ«¾Ð¼±Õߣ¬¿ÉÉÔ¼ÓÈó³¦Èá¸Î֮Ʒ£¬Öª²¡·À±ä¡£
 
6 С½á
PD±ãÃØ×÷ΪÔç·¢¡¢¸ß·¢¡¢³ÖÐø¡¢Íç¹ÌµÄÖ¢×´£¬ÓëPDµÄ·¢Éú¡¢·¢Õ¹ÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø£¬»ùÓÚ“³¦-ÄÔÖá”ÀíÂÛ±æÖÎPD±ãÃØ£¬Í¨¹ýµ÷ÖαãÃØ´ïµ½µ÷½Ú³¦µÀ΢ÉúÎï»·¾³¡¢µ÷Õû³¦-ÄÔÖáµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬½«Ô¤·À¡¢µ÷ÖαãÃعᴩPDÖÎÁƵÄʼÖÕ£¬¼±ÔòÖÎÆä±ê£¨ÔöÒºÐÐÖÛ¡¢Í¨¸­Ð¹Êµ£©£¬»ºÔòÖÎÆä±¾£¨×ÌÒõÈá¸ÎÈ󳦣©£¬³¦Í¨Ôò¸ÎÈᣬ½ò×ã¶øËèÑø£¬½î˳¶ø²üÖ¹¡£
 
À´Ô´£ºÖйúÃñ¼äÁÆ·¨ ×÷ÕߣºÂÀÉÙ»ª öÃÏþ¶«
¹ã¶«Ê¡ÖÐÒ½Ôº ¹ãÖÝÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧµÚ¶þ¸½ÊôÒ½Ôº ¹ãÖÝÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧ

²ÂÄã¸ÐÐËȤ

×îÐÂÍƼö

À¸Ä¿ÍƼö

ÖÐÒ©³£Ê¶ ±£½¡Ñé·½ ÖÐÒ©·½¼Á Ò©ÉÅʳÁÆ Ñ¨µÀÁÆ·¨ ÖÐÒ½°Ù¿Æ Ѩλͼ½â ¼²²¡×ÔÕï ÖÐÒ½±£½¡ ҽѧͼÆ× Ò½Ñ§Êé¼® Ò©ÎïÊÖ²á Ò©¾ÆÃØ·½ ×ÔÈ»ÁÆ·¨ ÐÔ°®Ãؼ® Ô˶¯½¡Éí ÄÐÈ˽¡¿µ Òûʳ½¡¿µ ÇóÒ½ÎÊÒ© ¼²²¡×¨Ìâ ±¾²Ý¸ÙÄ¿ Ôö¸ßÃØ·½ ÃÀÈÝÃؼ® ¼õ·ÊÃؼ® Ææ·½Ñé·½ ¼²²¡´óÈ« ÖÐÒ©·½¼¯