血清中抗幽门螺杆菌-IgG抗体母婴垂直传播的研究
医学新知杂志 1999年第3期第9卷 ·读者·作者·编者·
作者:何长华 陈有荣 马 理 吴 波 吴宏安 刘晓清
单位:湖北省荆州市第一人民医院消化科 荆州 434000
关键词:幽门螺杆菌;抗幽门螺杆菌-IgG抗体;母婴垂直传播
摘要 为探讨血清中抗幽门螺杆菌-IgG抗体能否母婴垂直传播,采集产妇临产前静脉血标本,婴儿出生时从脐静脉抽血标本后再剪断脐带,采用间接ELISA法测定血清中抗Hp抗体。结果显示78例婴儿血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体检测阳性者28例,其母亲均为阳性;产妇为阴性者,其婴儿均为阴性。上述结果提示:母体血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体能够通过胎盘进入婴儿血液,即能够垂直传播。
Study on the Vertical Spread from Mother to Infant Through
Detection of specific IgG against Helicobacter
Pylori in Human Serum
He Changhua,Chen Yourong,Ma Li,et al
The First people Hospital of Jing Zhou, Hubei 434000
Abstract To investigate whether specific IgG against Helicobacter pylor: (H.pylori) in human serum can be vertical spread from mother to infant. Methods blood specimens were taken from seventy eight puerperants' veins before they were giving birth to child, and from their babies' umbilical veins just before cutting off their umbilical cord which was used to detect the specimens whether helicobacter pylori enzyme exist. Immunoassay kit, afforded by general investigation and coorporation unit about H. pylori infection of Shanghai digestve society. Results There were twenty eight babies whose specific IgG against H. pylori were positive, their mother's specific IgG against H. pylori were positive too. The puerperants' specific IgG against H.pylori were negative, their babies' antibody were negative too, Conclution the results suggest that the specific IgG against H.pylori in mother's blood serum can enter infants blood through placenta, as it were, it can vertical spread.
Key words Helicobacter pylori;IgG against H.pylori; Vertical Spread from Mother to Infant.
近10多年来,国内外学者对幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的研究日益广泛深入,但对儿童特别是婴儿的研究较少。为探讨血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体能否从母体通过胎盘进入婴儿血液,我们作了如下研究,现将结果报道如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试剂 Hp抗体酶免疫试剂盒(上海智富医学科技有限公司生产),此试剂盒是用间接ELISA法测定血清中抗Hp抗体,临床上用于诊断Hp感染。其原理为:用酶免疫测试法,采用数十株Hp的超声粉碎物作为抗原,待测患者血清作为一抗,酶标羊抗人IgG作为二抗,邻苯二胺作为底物进行显色,根据其光密度值的大小来判断结果。其技术参数:与空肠弯曲菌、结肠弯曲菌无交叉反应。敏感性为94%,特异性为87%,阳性预示值为96%。
1.2 对象 随机选择作此项观察的产妇78例,年龄在22~28(平均24)岁,均为顺产。78例中有23例既往有消化道症状,如慢性上腹隐痛、腹胀,部分患者有嗳气、反酸。其中有11例作过胃镜:1例为十二指肠球部溃疡,4例为慢性糜烂性胃炎,6例为慢性充血性胃炎。
1.3 方法 产妇临产前抽静脉血标本,婴儿出生时从脐静脉抽血标本后再剪断脐带,送实验室由专职检验员检测。
2 结果
2.1 判定标准 待测血清OD比值= 该比值>1.70者为阳性,<1.70者为阴性,若为1.70者则复查,仍≤1.70即为阴性(按照上海市消化学会Hp感染普查组统一标准执行)。每次试验均作阳性对照、阴性对照和空白对照,阳性对照与阴性对照的比值在2.00±0.24范围内,若超出该比值即为试验失败或试剂盒失效,空白对照(即不加血清样本)用来校正零点,以确保检测的准确性。
2.2 检测结果 78例产妇血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体检测阳性者32例(41%),其中有21例既往有消化道症状,11例无明显消化道症状。78例婴儿血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体检测阳性者28例,其母亲均为阳性;有4例婴儿其比值在0.50~1.20之间,判定为阴性,但其母亲均为阳性。另46例产妇检测结果为阴性,其婴儿均为阴性。
3 讨论
自Marshall和Warren首次从人胃粘膜标本中成功分离出幽门螺杆菌(Hp)以来,国内外许多学者认为Hp感染是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡的主要致病因素[1,2],近来提出与胃癌的发生相关[3,4]。由于婴儿和学龄前儿童难以耐受胃镜检查,儿童中Hp感染的状况无法从胃镜下取标本作培养或尿素酶试验来获得,因此通过其它方法检测儿童中Hp感染是很重要的。
目前检测Hp的方法颇多,其中血清学检查具有易被患者接受、可处理大数量标本、高敏感性、能检测特异性抗体等优点,在Hp检测方法中有实用价值,适用于儿童检测[5],为了查明血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体能否从母体通过胎盘进入婴儿血液,从我们检测结果分析:①78例产妇中抗Hp-IgG抗体检测阳性者32例(41%),与我市普查的人群平均感染率大致相等;②产妇阳性者多数既往有消化道症状,少数无明显症状;③28例婴儿血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体检测阳性者,其母亲均为阳性;④有4例产妇比值>1.70,为阳性,而婴儿比值<1.70,在0.8~1.2之间,虽判为阴性,但可以用母体内抗体能透过胎盘进入婴儿血液,只是抗体数量减少来解释。上述研究提示:血清中抗Hp-IgG抗体能够从母体通过胎盘进入婴儿血液,即能够垂直传播。但抗Hp-IgG抗体在婴儿内究竟存留多长时间,进入婴儿体内的抗Hp-IgG抗体对婴儿是否具有保护性作用,需进一步探索。
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(1998-07-10 收稿)